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The pattern '-고 싶다' : would like
to (do)/want to (do) |
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The pattern ‘-고 싶다’ is used to indicate the desire of the
subject and is used with action verbs and ‘있다.’ This pattern ‘-고 싶다’ is
used with first person statements and second person questions. Here are
some examples: |
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Tense and negation are expressed in the verb '싶다'. |
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피자를 먹고 싶어요.
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(I) wanted to eat pizza. |
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피자를먹고 싶지 않아요.
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(I) don't want to eat pizza. |
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| 2. |
'-세요' : imperative Sentence ending |
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'-세요' is one of the sentence endings which can be used for
indicating polite questioning in the Interrogative(-세요?) and polite order(command)
in the Imperatives(-세요). This ending is more polite than the sententce
ending '-어요.'
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(1) '-세요?'
This form implies respect of the speaker for the subject of the sentence,
but the answer to this ‘-세요?’ must be ‘-어요’ when referring to the yourself
in the first person. |
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집에 가세요?
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Do you go home? |
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네, 집에 가요.
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Yes, I go. |
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(2) '-세요.'
This form means 'Please do something' when referring to the second person. |
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사과 주세요.
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Please give me an apple. |
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안나를 만나세요.
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Please meet Anna. |
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| 3. |
The marker '-에' : per,for,by,at,in |
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You have already studied this marker '-에' which indicates
static location in lesson 2. This marker '-에' is used to indicate the
time that something takes place and proportion. |
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저는 안나씨를 한 시에 만나요.
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I meet Anna at 1 o'clock. |
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저는 월요일에 등산을 가요.
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I go climbing on Monday. |
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그 책을 1,000원에 샀어요.
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I bought that book for 1,000won. |
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이 사과 한 개에 얼마예요?
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How much is this apple for one? |
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Interrogatives With Numbers |
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| 4. |
Counting unit |
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(1) There are various counting units in the Korean language.
'개', which means 'piece, item, object', is widely used when counting things
and '명', which means 'person', is used when counting persons. '분' and
'사람' are also used when counting persons, but '분' is the polite form and
shows respect for the persons counted. These counting units do not occur
as independent words, but are connected to numbers. The Korean numbers
are used with these units, for example '다섯 개, 열 개', and '일곱 명, 아홉 명',
and the name of things or persons should precede these expressions. |
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시계 다섯 개 |
five watches |
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책 일곱 개 |
seven books |
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학생 열 명 |
ten students |
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선생님 열 여덟 분 |
eighteen teachers |
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Several Korean numbers are changed when they used with counting
units. |
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| Korean Numbers |
Number + counting
unit |
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하나
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한 개, 한 명, 한 분, 한 사람
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둘
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두 개, 두 명, 두 분, 두 사람
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셋
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세 개, 세 명, 세 분, 세 사람
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넷
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네 개, 네 명, 네 분, 네 사람
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스물
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스무 개, 스무 명, 스무 분, 스무 사람
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사과 한 개 주세요.
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Give me one apple. |
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저는 아이들이 세 명 있어요.
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I have three children. |
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Other counting units will be introduced later. Both Chinese
and Korean units are used according to the counting units. |
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(2) Both Korean and Chinese numbers are used when speaking
about time is said. Here are some examples: |
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04:40
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K.N : C.N.
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네 시 사십 분
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Korean number + 시 (o'clock) |
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한 시 |
one o'clock |
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열 시 |
ten o'clock |
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Chinese number + 분 (minutes) |
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사십 분 |
fourty minutes |
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삼십 분 |
thirty minutes |
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한 시 반에 만납시다.
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Let's meet at 1:30.
('반' is used often as thirty minutes) |
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수업이 열 시 오 분에 끝났어요.
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The class ended at 10:05. |
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| 5. |
Irregular verbs '으' |
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(1) When verbs ending with '으' meet the vowel, '으' is omitted. Most verbs ending in a final vowel '으' of the stem are irregular. |
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쓰(다) + -어요 : ㅆ+ㅓ요 => 써요
: to write,to use,to be bitter,to put on(a hat) |
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크(다) + -어요 : ㅋ + ㅓ요 => 커요 : to be tall |
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뜨(다) : to rise |
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끄(다) : to turn off |
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저는 편지를 써요.
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I am writing
a letter . |
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편지를 썼어요.
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I wrote a letter.
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편지를 써야 해요.
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I have to write
a letter. |
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동생은 키가 커요.
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My brother is tall |
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(2) '-아요' is used if the vowel before '으' is 'ㅏ' or 'ㅗ', '-어요' is used if the vowel before '으' is other vowel except '아' and '오'. |
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 -으 irregular verbs + '-아요' |
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바쁘(다) + -아요
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바ㅃ + ㅏ요 => 바빠요 : To be busy |
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배가 고프(다)
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to be hungry |
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나쁘(다)
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to be bad |
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잠그(다)
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to lock |
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아프(다)
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to be painful |
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저는 오늘 바빠요.
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Today I am busy. |
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오늘 아침에 바빴어요.
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I was busy this morning. |
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바빠서 못 갔어요.
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Because I was busy, I couldn't
go. |
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-으 irregular verbs + '-어요' |
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예쁘(다) + -어요
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예ㅃ ㅓ요 => 예뻐요 (To be pretty) |
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슬프(다)
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슬ㅍ ㅓ요 => 슬프다 (to be sad) |
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기쁘(다)
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to be happy |
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슬프(다)
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to be sad |
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