The pattern '-에 대한' : 'about'

This pattern is attached to the noun directly, and it modifies the following Noun. It means 'about, concerning, in relation to etc.' in English.

예) 한국어 숙제에 대한 질문이 있어요. I have a question about the Korean Language Assignment.

 

 

   The pattern -에 따르면 : depending on----, according to -----

'-에 따르면' is used for expressing the condition or source of the facts.

예) 오늘 아침 뉴스에 따르면, 오후에 비가 온대요. According to today's news, it will rain in the      afternoon.

 

 

   The pattern 'N + 중에서' : among, between Nouns

'Noun+중에서' means 'in the middle of' because the word '중' means the middle, center, medium etc..

예) 우리 반 친구들 중에서 마이클 씨가 제일 키가 커요. Michael is the tallest among our classmates.

 

 

    The Pattern '-(이)외에' : except (for)

The word '이외' means 'except for, outside of, with the exception besides etc.'. It is preceded by nouns, and is followed by '-은/는, -에, -에도'.

예) 철수 씨 외에는 아무도 안 가요. Nobody is going there except Cheol-Soo.

     음식 이외에도 음료수가 필요해요. Besides food, I need something to drink.

 

 

    The marker '-(으)로서/-(으)로써'

'-(으)로서' is attached to nouns. It means 'as a function of'. The equivalent form of this in English is 'as, for, in the capacity of'. '서' can be dropped optionally.

예) 저는 선교사로(서) 한국에 왔습니다. I came to Korea as a missionary.

     저는 한국대표로(서) 미국에 갔습니다. I went to the States as a Korean representative.

On the other hand, the maker '-(으)로써' indicates 'means or method'.

예) 저는 일로써 성공하겠어요. I will succeed by way of my career.

 

 

    The connective '-(으)며' : and

'-(으)며' is used for linking two clauses in coordination, and it is used with verbs, adjectives and '이다'. This connective looks similar with the connective '-고' in function. However, two clauses which are linked with '(으)며' have a strong relationship between them, but two clauses linked with '-고' do not have such a strong relationship.

예) 저는 미국인이며, 영어를 가르치고 있습니다. I'm American, and I'm teaching English.

     과일이며 음식들을 준비했습니다. I prepared some fruits and food.