-(으)ㄹ까 하다: ‘(I’m) thinking of doing’
This pattern ‘-(으)ㄹ까 하다’ is used with an action verb and it indicates a speaker’s consideration or indecisiveness about a matter. The meaning of ‘-(으)ㄹ까 하다’ is similar to the pattern ‘-(으)려고 하다’, but ‘-(으)려고 하다’ expresses stronger intention of the speaker.
예) 내일 그 남자를 만날까 합니다. : I’m thinking of meeting him tomorrow.
예) 내일 그 남자를 만나려고 합니다. :I intend to meet him tomorrow.
-아(어/여) 지다 : ‘is getting or is becoming + Adj.’
The pattern ‘-아(어/여) 지다’ is combined with an adjective and and it indicates the situation which describes the preceding adjective gradually changing.
예) 날씨가 점점 추워 집니다. : It’s getting cold.
-더니: since, and now
‘-더-’ expresses an act of recollection and ‘-니’ a sense of explanation. The meaning varies depending upon the context of its usage.
1)The first clause describes the reason or the base of the second clause: the second clause describes a result of what has been taking place in the first clause. Usually, the subject is the third person and the subject of the first clause is same as the second one.
예) 마이클이 공부를 열심히 하더니 시험에 합격했어요.
Michael studied
hard and then he passed the exam.
(Since Michael studied hard, he passed the exam.)
2) The first clause
describes how it was previously: the second how it is now or changed
since the time of the first clause.
예) 어제는 날씨가 춥더니 오늘은 따뜻해요. : It was cold yesterday, but it’s warm today.
예) 바람이 불더니 이제는 비까지 와요. : It was windy, and it’s even raining now.
3) -았(었/였)더니
The first clause has already and actually taken place and it describes the cause of the second clause: the second clause describes a consequence of the first clause. Usually, the speaker is the subject of the sentence and the subject of the second clause is not the same as that of the first clause.
예) 아까 전에 전화 했더니 집에 없더라. : I called you, but you were not at home.
-(으)ㄹ 테니(까): ‘(one) will do…, so…’
The pattern ‘-(으)ㄹ 테니까’ is a contracted form of ‘-ㄹ + 터 + -이- + -니까’. When ‘-(으)ㄹ 테니까’ is used with action verbs, it indicates the speaker’s planning or intention. If the speaker is the subject of the sentence, the speaker’s will may be implied.
예) 맛있는 저녁을 사 드릴 테니(까) 꼭 오세요. : I'll treat you to dinner, so by all means come.
예) 내가 지금 갈 테니(까) 기다려! : I’m coming now, so wait for me!